Is it better to invest in individual stocks or stock funds?
All investments carry some degree of risk and can lose value if the overall market declines or, in the case of individual stocks, the company folds. Still, mutual funds are generally considered safer than stocks because they are inherently diversified, which helps mitigate the risk and volatility in your portfolio.
For many investors, it can make sense to use mutual funds for a long-term retirement portfolio, where diversification and reduced risk are important. For those hoping to capture value and potential growth, individual stocks offer a way to boost returns, as long as they can emotionally handle the ups and downs.
Is Investing in the S&P 500 Less Risky Than Buying a Single Stock? Generally, yes. The S&P 500 is considered well-diversified by sector, which means it includes stocks in all major areas, including technology and consumer discretionary—meaning declines in some sectors may be offset by gains in other sectors.
Diversifying your portfolio in the stock market is a good idea for investors because it decreases risk by ensuring that no single company has too much influence over the value of your holdings. Owning more stocks confers greater stock portfolio diversification, but owning too many stocks is impractical.
While diversification is the standard rule in conservative investing, putting a large amount of capital into one stock or even an early-stage company should occur over time, in stages, as a company makes progress and proves its core value. This will help manage downside risk and take advantage of dollar-cost averaging.
The risks are too great with individual stocks
Financial pros like Benz urge investors to build broadly diversified portfolios for a reason: While the overall historical trajectory of the stock market has trended upward, any individual stock has a chance to decline sharply in price and destroy your portfolio's returns.
A mutual fund provides diversification through exposure to a multitude of stocks. The reason that owning shares in a mutual fund is recommended over owning a single stock is that an individual stock carries more risk than a mutual fund. This type of risk is known as unsystematic risk.
It might actually lead to unwanted losses. Investors that only invest in the S&P 500 leave themselves exposed to numerous pitfalls: Investing only in the S&P 500 does not provide the broad diversification that minimizes risk. Economic downturns and bear markets can still deliver large losses.
Perhaps the biggest downside of an S&P 500 index fund is that it can only earn average returns. This type of investment is designed to follow the market, so it's simply not possible for it to beat the market. For many people, lower returns are a worthwhile trade-off for the ease and simplicity of an S&P 500 index fund.
Research: 89% of fund managers fail to beat the market
According to this report, 88.99% of large-cap US funds have underperformed the S&P500 index over ten years.
How many stocks should you own Warren Buffett?
As the number of stocks in a portfolio reach 20-25, the volatility reducing benefits of diversification reach near zero. This is the sweet spot for portfolio size for an investor seeking to beat the market. At 20-25 stocks, you've captured all the potential benefits of diversification with even the right stocks.
It's a good idea to own a few dozen stocks to maintain a diversified portfolio. If you load up on too many stocks, you might struggle to keep tabs on all of them. Buying ETFs can be a good way to diversify without adding too much work for yourself.
To help mitigate that risk, many investors invest in stocks through funds — such as index funds, mutual funds or ETFs — that hold a collection of stocks from a wide variety of companies. If you do opt for individual stocks, it's usually wise to allocate only 5% to 10% of your portfolio to them.
In lieu of individual stocks, Buffett sees an S&P 500 index fund as the best option for the average person because it provides exposure to a "cross-section of businesses that in aggregate are bound to do well." Indeed, the S&P 500 has been a consistent moneymaker for patient investors.
The main argument advanced by proponents of a 100% equities strategy is simple and straightforward: In the long run, equities outperform bonds and cash; therefore, allocating your entire portfolio to stocks will maximize your returns.
If all or almost all of your retirement account is in stocks or stock funds, it's aggressive. While being more aggressive can make a lot of sense if you have a long time until retirement, it can really sink you financially if you need the money in less than five years.
Customization and Transparency – Individual stock investors are very involved in the decision-making process when determining which stocks to own and at what prices to buy or sell. You can fully customize your stock portfolio and select only the companies you want to own.
Even some investors can amass shares over time or inherit a large position in a single stock. These large holdings can create unwanted risk to your portfolio and may be difficult to sell, even when the stock is publicly traded.
“Most research suggests the right number of stocks to hold in a diversified portfolio is 25 to 30 companies,” adds Jonathan Thomas, private wealth advisor at LVW Advisors. “Owning significantly fewer is considered speculation and any more is over-diversification.
They don't offer stable returns
The primary reason why mutual funds are considered to be risky deals is due to the fact that the returns they offer are not stable or guaranteed. Since the performance of the fund is linked to the movement of the market, mutual funds only offer returns if the market performs well.
Which portfolio is most diversified?
For the most diversification, include a mixture of stocks, fixed income, and commodities. Diversification works because the assets don't correlate with each other. A diversified portfolio is your best defense against a financial crisis.
Stocks aren't as safe as cash, savings accounts or government debt, but they're generally less risky than high-fliers like options or futures. Dividend stocks are considered safer than high-growth stocks, because they pay cash dividends, helping to limit their volatility but not eliminating it.
Yet, despite Buffett's advice, the wealthy typically don't invest in simple, low fee, market-matching index funds. Instead, they invest in individual businesses, art, real estate, hedge funds, and other types of investments with high entrance costs.
While not all of the households in this study are millionaires, the vast majority of them are. The median household in the study has over $1 million with Vanguard and those below the median have assets outside of Vanguard (i.e. real estate, non-Vanguard accounts, etc.) that make most of them millionaires as well.
A different path. Buffett didn't make his fortune by socking away money in an S&P 500 index fund, though. He invested in individual stocks. For anyone seeking to follow this different path to becoming a millionaire, Buffett has also offered sage advice.
