A real-time height measurement and feedback system for 3D concrete printing (2024)

Wolfs, R. J. M., Bos, F. P., van Strien, E. C. F. (2017). A real-time height measurement and feedback system for 3D concrete printing. In M. Lukovic, & D. A. Hordijk (Eds.), High Tech Concrete: where technology and engineering meet: Where Technology and Engineering Meet - Proceedings of the 2017 fib Symposium (pp. 2474-2483). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59471-2_282

Wolfs, R.J.M. ; Bos, F.P. ; van Strien, E.C.F. et al. / A real-time height measurement and feedback system for 3D concrete printing. High Tech Concrete: where technology and engineering meet: Where Technology and Engineering Meet - Proceedings of the 2017 fib Symposium. editor / Mladena Lukovic ; Dick A. Hordijk. Cham : Springer, 2017. pp. 2474-2483

@inproceedings{8c18d21705264254989b1279bbe79f5e,

title = "A real-time height measurement and feedback system for 3D concrete printing",

abstract = "Recent years have seen a rapid growth of additive manufacturing methods for concrete construction. Generally, these methods are based on a linear sequence of design → print path definition → actual printer actions in a print environment. However, printing experiments show that a large number of parameters influence the printing process. Not all of these can be predicted accurate on forehand. Therefore, a method is introduced that allows real-time adjustment of the print process. As a proof-of-concept, a measurement system for the nozzle height has been developed and tested. Because this variable relates to machine properties, environmental conditions as well as material behaviour, it is a crucial parameter to control. In two case study prints, the effectiveness of the device was shown. In one study, the printer could follow a range of irregular curves in the print bed, whereas only a simple flat rectangular print path had been programmed. In the other, it was shown the print path could be adjusted to vertical deformation of the previous layers of printed filament in a tubular object of several dozen layers. Thus, premature failure through irregular loading of the object during printing was avoided. Further expansion of the use of real-time measurement devices may be anticipated in the future. Besides more advanced geometrical measuring, chemical and physical conditions such as concrete temperature (both before and after deposition), surface wetness, and environment humidity, can be recorded. Combined with the machine action log, this should result in a detailed set of as-built data of the printed object, allowing e.g. for a geometrical clash control with the design as well as other quality controls. ",

keywords = "3D printing, Concrete, Real-time feedback system, ToF sensor",

author = "R.J.M. Wolfs and F.P. Bos and {van Strien}, E.C.F. and T.A.M. Salet",

year = "2017",

doi = "10.1007/978-3-319-59471-2_282",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-3-319-59470-5",

pages = "2474--2483",

editor = "Mladena Lukovic and Hordijk, {Dick A.}",

booktitle = "High Tech Concrete: where technology and engineering meet",

publisher = "Springer",

address = "Germany",

note = "2017 fib Symposium, June 12–14, 2017, Maastricht, The Netherlands ; Conference date: 12-06-2017 Through 14-06-2017",

url = "https://fibsymposium2017.com/",

}

Wolfs, RJM, Bos, FP, van Strien, ECF 2017, A real-time height measurement and feedback system for 3D concrete printing. in M Lukovic & DA Hordijk (eds), High Tech Concrete: where technology and engineering meet: Where Technology and Engineering Meet - Proceedings of the 2017 fib Symposium. Springer, Cham, pp. 2474-2483, 2017 fib Symposium, June 12–14, 2017, Maastricht, The Netherlands, Maastricht, Netherlands, 12/06/17. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59471-2_282

A real-time height measurement and feedback system for 3D concrete printing. / Wolfs, R.J.M.; Bos, F.P.; van Strien, E.C.F. et al.
High Tech Concrete: where technology and engineering meet: Where Technology and Engineering Meet - Proceedings of the 2017 fib Symposium. ed. / Mladena Lukovic; Dick A. Hordijk. Cham: Springer, 2017. p. 2474-2483.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Academic › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - A real-time height measurement and feedback system for 3D concrete printing

AU - Wolfs, R.J.M.

AU - Bos, F.P.

AU - van Strien, E.C.F.

AU - Salet, T.A.M.

PY - 2017

Y1 - 2017

N2 - Recent years have seen a rapid growth of additive manufacturing methods for concrete construction. Generally, these methods are based on a linear sequence of design → print path definition → actual printer actions in a print environment. However, printing experiments show that a large number of parameters influence the printing process. Not all of these can be predicted accurate on forehand. Therefore, a method is introduced that allows real-time adjustment of the print process. As a proof-of-concept, a measurement system for the nozzle height has been developed and tested. Because this variable relates to machine properties, environmental conditions as well as material behaviour, it is a crucial parameter to control. In two case study prints, the effectiveness of the device was shown. In one study, the printer could follow a range of irregular curves in the print bed, whereas only a simple flat rectangular print path had been programmed. In the other, it was shown the print path could be adjusted to vertical deformation of the previous layers of printed filament in a tubular object of several dozen layers. Thus, premature failure through irregular loading of the object during printing was avoided. Further expansion of the use of real-time measurement devices may be anticipated in the future. Besides more advanced geometrical measuring, chemical and physical conditions such as concrete temperature (both before and after deposition), surface wetness, and environment humidity, can be recorded. Combined with the machine action log, this should result in a detailed set of as-built data of the printed object, allowing e.g. for a geometrical clash control with the design as well as other quality controls.

AB - Recent years have seen a rapid growth of additive manufacturing methods for concrete construction. Generally, these methods are based on a linear sequence of design → print path definition → actual printer actions in a print environment. However, printing experiments show that a large number of parameters influence the printing process. Not all of these can be predicted accurate on forehand. Therefore, a method is introduced that allows real-time adjustment of the print process. As a proof-of-concept, a measurement system for the nozzle height has been developed and tested. Because this variable relates to machine properties, environmental conditions as well as material behaviour, it is a crucial parameter to control. In two case study prints, the effectiveness of the device was shown. In one study, the printer could follow a range of irregular curves in the print bed, whereas only a simple flat rectangular print path had been programmed. In the other, it was shown the print path could be adjusted to vertical deformation of the previous layers of printed filament in a tubular object of several dozen layers. Thus, premature failure through irregular loading of the object during printing was avoided. Further expansion of the use of real-time measurement devices may be anticipated in the future. Besides more advanced geometrical measuring, chemical and physical conditions such as concrete temperature (both before and after deposition), surface wetness, and environment humidity, can be recorded. Combined with the machine action log, this should result in a detailed set of as-built data of the printed object, allowing e.g. for a geometrical clash control with the design as well as other quality controls.

KW - 3D printing

KW - Concrete

KW - Real-time feedback system

KW - ToF sensor

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U2 - 10.1007/978-3-319-59471-2_282

DO - 10.1007/978-3-319-59471-2_282

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:85025694589

SN - 978-3-319-59470-5

SP - 2474

EP - 2483

BT - High Tech Concrete: where technology and engineering meet

A2 - Lukovic, Mladena

A2 - Hordijk, Dick A.

PB - Springer

CY - Cham

T2 - 2017 fib Symposium, June 12–14, 2017, Maastricht, The Netherlands

Y2 - 12 June 2017 through 14 June 2017

ER -

Wolfs RJM, Bos FP, van Strien ECF, Salet TAM. A real-time height measurement and feedback system for 3D concrete printing. In Lukovic M, Hordijk DA, editors, High Tech Concrete: where technology and engineering meet: Where Technology and Engineering Meet - Proceedings of the 2017 fib Symposium. Cham: Springer. 2017. p. 2474-2483 doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-59471-2_282